{"id":3979,"date":"2020-02-13T10:00:17","date_gmt":"2020-02-13T10:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/kr\/?p=3979"},"modified":"2020-08-10T11:33:22","modified_gmt":"2020-08-10T11:33:22","slug":"gender-disparities-in-stem-what-you-need-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/kr\/gender-disparities-in-stem-what-you-need-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"\uacfc\ud559\ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc131\ucc28\ubcc4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>\ucca8\ub2e8 \uacfc\ud559\uae30\uc220 \ubd84\uc57c\uc778 STEM (\uacfc\ud559 \uae30\uc220 \uacf5\ud559 \uc218\ud559) \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc131 \ubd88\uade0\ub4f1\ud615\uc740 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\uae34 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc131\ubcc4 \uac04 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 1990\ub144 \ucd08 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \uc810\ucc28 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ubcf4\uace0\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc131\uc774 STEM \ubd84\uc57c\uc758 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uacfc \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub0a8\uc131\ub9cc\ud07c \ud639\uc740 \uadf8 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc798 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacfc\uac70 \uc5b4\ub290 \ub54c \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5ec\uc131\uc774 STEM \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud558\uba70 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc744 \ucc3e\uace0 \uc788\uae34 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 \ubcf4\uace0\ub41c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uc88b\uc9c0\ub9cc\uc740 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74, \ubbf8\uad6d \ub0b4 STEM \ubd84\uc57c\ub97c \uc804\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd \uc911 \uc624\ub85c\uc9c0 20% \ub9cc\uc774 \uc5ec\uc131\uc774 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uacfc\ud559\uc744 \uc804\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc218\ub294 1990\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \uacc4\uc18d \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-lzw4htsddt2mchf9cnvr-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.opmnstr.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"lzw4htsddt2mchf9cnvr\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<p>\ud559\uc220 \uc800\ub110\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc800\uc791\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc131 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \ubd88\uacf5\ud3c9\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uba85\uc758 \uc800\uc790\uac00 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc9d1\ud544\ud55c \ub17c\ubb38\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud2b9\ud788 \uadf8 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ud06c\uac8c \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, International Journal of Nano medicine\uc774 \uc218\ud589\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, 33%\uc758 \uc800\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\uae30\uc5ec\ub3c4\uac00 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370\ub3c4 (\uc800\uc791\uad8c \ud06c\ub808\ub527\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294) \ub17c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc800\uc790\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5ec\uc131 \uc800\uc791\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1d\ud600\uc9c4 \ubd88\uacf5\ud3c9\uc740 \ud559\uc220\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\uc288\uc774\uba70, \uc774\ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uacfc\ud559\uacc4\uc640 \ud559\uc220\uacc4 \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacfc\uc18c\ud3c9\uac00\uc640 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub418\uc5b4\uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d, \uc800\uc791\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc131\ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \uc5ec\uc131 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\ub0b8 \uc5c5\uc801\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\uc801 \uc778\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd80\uc7ac\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud574 \ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e4, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \uacfc\ud559\uacc4\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc744 \ub0b4\ub51b\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc218\ub97c \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud574 \uc654\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud559\uc220\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc131 \ubd88\uacf5\ud3c9\/\ubd88\uade0\ub4f1<\/h2>\n<p>National Institute of Health (NIH) \ub098 American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uae30\uad00\uc7a5\uc774 \uc5ec\uc131\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc740 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc131\uc7a5\uc758 \uc9d5\ud45c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc131 \ubd88\uacf5\ud3c9 \ub610\ub294 \ubd88\uade0\ub4f1\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc131\uc740 \ub0a8\uc131\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \uacbd\ud5d8\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uacfc\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc640 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ucc3e\uac8c \ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud604\ub300 \uc138\uacc4\uac00 \uc9c1\uba74\ud55c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ucc3d\uc870\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc30\uacbd\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \uc77c\ud560 \ub54c \uac00\ub2a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 Royal Society of Edinburgh\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc218\ud589\ub41c \uc5f0\uad6c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, \uc131 \ubd88\uacf5\ud3c9 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub178\ub825\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 2012\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc801 \uc131\uacfc\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc608\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec \uc8fc\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc8fc\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc5ec\uc131\uc740 \ub0a8\uc131\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub192\uc740 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub3c4\ub294 2012\ub144 32%\uc5d0\uc11c 2018\ub144 18%\ub85c \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc131 \ubd88\uacf5\ud3c9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uacfc\ud559\uacc4 \ub17c\ubb38 \ucd9c\ud310 \uae30\uc5ec\ub3c4\uc640 \ud53c\uc5b4 \ub9ac\ubdf0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc131\ucc28\ubcc4 \ub610\ub294 \ubd88\uade0\ub4f1\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704 \ud6c4\ubcf4\uc790\ub97c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ucd5c\uadfc \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5ec\uc131 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\uc640 \ube44\uad50\ud558\uc5ec \ud655\ub960\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758 \uc788\uac8c \ub192\uc740 \ub17c\ubb38 \ucd9c\ud310\uc728\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uad00 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd1d 1,285\uba85\uc758 \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704 \uc878\uc5c5\uc0dd\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc9c8\uc758\uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c, \ud1b5\uacc4\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 5.5 \ud3b8\uc758 \uc5ec\uc131 \uc800\uc790 \ub17c\ubb38\ub2f9 \ub0a8\uc131 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 7.2\ud3b8\uc758 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ud22c\uace0\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc800\uc790\uc774\uba70 \uc218\ud559\uc790\uc778 Sarah Lubienski \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub0a8\uc131 \uc800\uc790\uc640 \uc5ec\uc131 \uc800\uc790 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ucd9c\ud310\uc728 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 STEM \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354 \ud06c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc131 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc740 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc800\uc791\uad8c\uc774\ub098 \ub17c\ubb38 \ucd9c\ud310\uc5d0 \uad6d\ud55c\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc131 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\/\ubd88\uade0\ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac83<\/h2>\n<p>\uc131 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uc800\uc791\uad8c\uacfc \uc131 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacac\ud574\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uba70, 2\uc778 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc800\uc790 \ub17c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc131\ubcc4 \ub300\ud45c\uc131\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc810\uc744 \ubc1d\ud614\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uac00\uc7a5 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc131\ubcc4 \uc870\ud569\uc740 \ub0a8\uc131-\ub0a8\uc131, \ub610\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc800\uc790 \uc870\ud569\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uccab \uc800\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ub0a8\uc131\uc774 \ubd88\uade0\ud615\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9ce\uc774 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ucd9c\ud310\ub41c \ub17c\ubb38\uc758 38%\uac00 \ub0a8\uc131\uc774, 43.62%\uc758 \ub17c\ubb38\uc774 \uc5ec\uc131\uc774 \uccab \uc800\uc790\ub85c \uae30\uc7ac\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uacf5\ub3d9 \uc800\uc791\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801 \uc778\uc815, \uc5f0\uad6c\ube44, \uacbd\ub825\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2b9\uc9c4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad50\uc218\uc9c1\uc758 \uc131\ucc28\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\uc5ec \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub450 \uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc800\uc790\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub550, \uc800\uc791\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba85\ub8cc\uc131\uacfc \ud22c\uba85\uc131\uc744 \uc880 \ub354 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc131\ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n<p>\ud559\uc220\uacc4\uac00 \uc131\ucc28\ubcc4\/\ubd88\uade0\ud615 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uacfc\uc5f0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc9c4\ubcf4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\ub0b4 \uc654\uc744\uae4c\uc694? \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub17c\uc7c1\uac70\ub9ac\uc774\uae34 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc131 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc740 \uc544\uc8fc \ub290\ub9ac\uba70, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uba48\ucdb0\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ud589\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc218\ub294 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uacf5\uacf5\uc778\uc2dd\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc774 \uc81c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\ub300\ud559 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub294 \uacfc\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc744 \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0, \uc5ec\uc131 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\uc758 \uc2b9\uc9c4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uba58\ud1a0\ub9c1 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0, \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc218\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\ub370 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc5ec\uc131 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uacfc\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud559\uc220\uadf8\ub8f9\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc608\ub85c, \uc608\uc77c\ub300\ud559\uc758 \uacfc\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc758 \uc5ec\uc131 \ubaa8\uc784\uacfc \ubcf4\uc2a4\ud134 \ub300\ud559\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc758 \uc5ec\uc131 \ubaa8\uc784 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub4e4 \uc218 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