표절 없는 논문 작성법: 실전 가이드 (Part 2)

In the previous article, we introduced the definition of plagiarism and provided guidance on how to reuse the intellectual work of others without plagiarizing. We also provided links to  tools that can help you organize your references (e.g., EndNote, Reference Manager) and tools that can help you check for plagiarism (e.g., iThenticate, HelioBLAST [formerly eTBLAST]). This article provides additional information and examples on paraphrasing, patchwriting, and quoting. For more on these topics,  read the previous article .

More than just copying words

When people say ‘plagiarism’, many people think that plagiarism is simply copying someone else’s words without citing the source. That is true, but plagiarism is not limited to simply copying words. Copying someone else’s ‘ideas’ and ‘data’ is also plagiarism. Just like words or data, ideas are ‘owned’ by the person who came up with them. Using someone else’s ideas as if they were your own without proper citation is as serious a problem as copying someone else’s words without citing the source. Plagiarism is a serious professional offense. Those who commit plagiarism are subject to various measures, from paper retraction to research funding suspension. Therefore, we all must do our best to prevent plagiarism .

Difference between quoting and paraphrasing

Research papers use references throughout to support their findings. To help authors, journals provide guidelines for in-text citations and references (e.g., articles, books, essays) based on recommended style guides. It is also important to decide whether to quote the references directly or paraphrase them. What is the difference between quoting and paraphrasing? Again, don’t fall into the trap of thinking that paraphrasing will always be considered plagiarism. You really need to be careful not to plagiarize when paraphrasing.

So what is a quotation ? A quotation is the exact words of another person. Quotations are often necessary, but they should be used sparingly. Quotations are used when necessary to clarify something in the text, define something, or support an argument.

yes:

Elephants are the largest mammals in the world, weighing nearly 8 tons. Elephants have “a large body, large ears, and a long trunk. The trunk can be used as a hand to grasp objects, to make a trumpet sound to warn, to raise it like an arm to greet, and to act as a hose for drinking or bathing.” (Source:  https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/elephant )

This quote (with quotes) does a great job of describing the elephant’s appearance in words. There’s nothing to add to this description, and it’s hard to paraphrase the content while maintaining the visual elements. So I’ve used the original text in quotes and cited the source in parentheses.

What is paraphrasing? Paraphrasing is restating what someone else has written in your own words. Just like quoting, paraphrasing requires citing your sources. When paraphrasing, do n’t forget to cite your sources. When paraphrasing, you should provide references to your sources and be careful not to change the main ideas or concepts of the original text. Also, using a paraphrasing tool can help you improve your writing immediately.

yes:

Elephants are the largest mammals in the world, weighing nearly eight tons. Their large, flappy ears help them cool down and keep bugs out. Their long trunks, which extend from their heads to the ground, serve as tools and are also used for drinking and bathing.

(Source:  https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/elephant )

Here I have paraphrased the information, but the quoted version provides a better definition. As mentioned earlier, quotes can be incredibly useful in defining and clarifying ideas, but they should only be used when absolutely necessary.

Paraphrasing is a very useful skill, but it can be difficult to use properly. Here are some guidelines to help you when paraphrasing.

• Make sure you are fully aware of the message behind the quote.
• Try paraphrasing without referring to the quote.
• Compare your paraphrased content to the quoted text to make sure the meaning is the same.

This may take some time, but it will help you avoid any suspicion of plagiarism. Also,  using a plagiarism checker can help you avoid plagiarism at an early stage.

Patch lighting

Patchwriting refers to text that is too similar in format and wording to the original quote. Patchwriting may be a sign that the writer did not fully understand the original message. Please be aware of this. Simply using synonyms to replace the original words is not acceptable.

Whatever topic you want to discuss, it is very easy to find the content you want on the Internet and copy the text. Paste the copied text into a blank document. Cut out unnecessary information and add your own words. This is patchwriting, and patchwriting is still plagiarism. You can prevent patchwriting by using a plagiarism detection tool .

yes:

This pachyderm is the world’s largest mammal, weighing from 500 pounds to 8 tons. The animal is huge, has large ears, and a long nose that it uses to pick up objects, make warning sounds, greet other animals, drink water, and bathe.

Does this article need citations? Yes, it does. This example is clearly patchwriting. Some words have been removed and sentences have been shortened, but the original message has not changed.

Remember, when paraphrasing, you should not just replace the original word with a synonym. Think carefully about what you want to convey. Write the ‘thought’ behind the original word, not the word itself. This way, you can avoid the trap of patchwriting.

Let’s say you’re asked to write about the definition of ‘species’. Is it okay to copy the definition from a dictionary without citing the source? Is it okay to use the definition from Wikipedia without citing the source? If so, why? If not, why not?

Remember that plagiarism is a multifaceted problem that goes beyond simply copying words, encompassing ideas, data, and even writing styles. Whether you are quoting, paraphrasing, or avoiding patchwriting, it is imperative that you adhere to ethical writing practices to maintain academic and professional integrity. Plagiarism detection tools like Turnitin and Enago Plagiarism Checker are powerful tools that can help you in this effort.

Plagiarism detection tools detect textual similarities, verify originality, and ensure proper citations so authors can refine their content before submitting their papers. By using these tools and following best practices, you can confidently produce original and ethically sound work.